What are the typical indications and manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
1. Irregular Menstrual Periods: Menstrual irregularities may manifest as absent periods, infrequent or frequent occurrences, heavy flow, or unpredictable cycles.
2. Infertility: PCOS ranks among the primary causes of female infertility.
3. Obesity: Approximately 80% of women with PCOS are obese.
4. Excess Hair Growth: Hirsutism, characterized by excessive hair growth on the face, chest, abdomen, or upper thighs, affects over 70% of women with PCOS.
5. Severe Acne: Persistent acne, especially after adolescence, and resistant to standard treatments.
6. Oily Skin
7. Acanthosis Nigricans: Patches of thickened, velvety, darkened skin.
8. Multiple Small Fluid-Filled Ovarian Cysts
What contributes to the development of PCOS?
While the exact cause remains unknown, PCOS appears to result from a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, elevated androgen hormone levels, and irregular menstrual cycles.
How do elevated androgen levels impact the body?
Elevated levels of androgens (LH, DHEAS) may hinder regular ovulation, leading to infertility. Additionally, high androgen levels contribute to unwanted hair growth and acne in women with PCOS.
What are the repercussions of irregular menstrual periods?
Irregular menstrual cycles can result in infertility due to the absence of ovulation. It may also be linked to other hormonal imbalances, such as thyroid disorders and abnormal prolactin levels.
What health risks does PCOS pose for women?
PCOS affects various body systems, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. Women with PCOS also have an elevated risk of endometrial hyperplasia, potentially leading to endometrial cancer.
Are there treatments available for PCOS?
Various treatments address PCOS-related issues, with personalized approaches based on symptoms, overall health, and reproductive goals.
How can combined hormonal birth control pills be utilized in PCOS treatment?
For non-pregnant women with PCOS, long-term use of combined hormonal birth control pills containing estrogen and progestin can regulate menstrual cycles, reduce hirsutism and acne, lower androgen levels, and reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.
How can women with PCOS enhance their chances of pregnancy?
Successful ovulation is crucial for pregnancy. Weight loss, medications inducing ovulation, insulin-sensitizing drugs, and, in some cases, ovarian surgery can be employed with individualized approaches under the guidance of a specialist.